Architectural Ceramics: Difference between revisions

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Author:[[user:Hschwarz| Hans-Jürgen Schwarz]]
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Author:[[user:Hschwarz| Hans-Jürgen Schwarz]]
English Translation by [[user:SLeithaeuser|Sandra Leithäuser]]
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Back to [[Decay Pattern]]
Back to [[Decay Pattern]]
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== Abstract ==
== Abstract ==
Typical damage patterns are presented and explained.  
Typical deterioration patterns for architectural ceramics are discussed and explained.  


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== Decay patterns of architectural ceramics==


== Decay Pattern of Architectural Ceramics==
'''Deterioration of brickwork'''
 
'''Ziegelschäden'''


Salt-induced damage to bricks are common.
Salt-induced damage to bricks is very common.


Damage to bricks can look like this:


'''Glazed architectural ceramics'''


'''Glazed Architectural Ceramics'''
The glaze on building ceramics prevents the transport of moisture and salts. Often however, the glaze shows "crazing" (a fine network of fissures or cracks) allowing moisture transport through it. And therefore, if salts are present, they will crystallize around these fissures as well as below the glazing around them, leading to its  spalling.


The glaze of a glazed building ceramics prevents both the transport of moisture and salts. Often  however glaze is crackled, which allows a capillary moisture transport. The Craquelée particularly clear shows an existing salt load, which consequently often leads to the spalling of the glazes.


Some examples of salt-contaminated glazed building ceramics are shown here.
Some examples of salt-contaminated architectural ceramics that show the damage induced are shown here:
   
   
=== Flaking ===
=== Flaking ===


<gallery perrow="3" heights="200px" widths="250px" caption="Decay pattern on a brick of the St.Jakobi church in Perleberg">
<gallery perrow="3" heights="200px" widths="250px" caption="Decay pattern on a brick of the St. Jakobi Church in Perleberg">


Image:Perleberg 14.04.2003 (50)-Ausschnitt.jpg|Figure 1: The damaged brick shows a scaly surface, which was caused by crystallizing salts.  
Image:Perleberg 14.04.2003 (50)-Ausschnitt.jpg|Figure 1: The scaling surface of a damaged brick, caused by crystallizing salts.  
Image:Per_270603_5-13_14.jpg|Figure 2: Photo of a thin section in polarized light. The grey parallel crystals are gypsum.
Image:Per_270603_5-13_14.jpg|Figure 2: Photo micrograph of a thin section in polarized light. The gray parallel crystals are gypsum.
Image:Per 270603 5-13 15.jpg|Figure 3: Photomicrograph as Fig 2 but with crossed polarisers. It is clearly seen that the plaster is both responsible for the damage and on the other hand, he acts in this case as a kind of glue that holds together the broken brick pieces. With the removal of the original plaster the brick material would be lost.</gallery>
Image:Per 270603 5-13 15.jpg|Figure 3: Photo micrograph as Fig 2 with crossed polars. It is clearly visible that the gypsum is causing the damage to the brick, however, it also serves as filler, holding the flaking pieces in place. If the gypsum would be removed, the original surface of the brick would be lost.</gallery>


===Back Weathering ===
===Powdering ===


<gallery perrow="3" heights="200px" widths="250px" caption="Schäden an einem Gebäude in Lüneburg">
<gallery perrow="3" heights="200px" widths="250px" caption="Damage to a building in Lüneburg">


Image:Lueneburg-AmSande1 1.jpg|Figure  4: Salze schädigen einen Formstein
Image:Lueneburg-AmSande1 1.jpg|Figure  4: Salts crystallizing cause a molded brick to powder.
Image:Lueneburg-AmSande1 2.jpg|Figure  5: Salzschäden wirken unter Oberfläche einer Beschichtung.
Image:Lueneburg-AmSande1 2.jpg|Figure  5: Salt action under a coat of paint resulting in its detachment and disintegration of the brick.


</gallery>
</gallery>


=== Efflorescences ===
=== Efflorescence ===
<gallery perrow="3" heights="200px" widths="250px" caption="Efflorescences on Architectural Ceramics">
<gallery perrow="3" heights="200px" widths="250px" caption="Efflorescences on architectural ceramics">


Image: Salzwedel 17012007 (145).jpg|Figure  6: Salt on a floor plate
Image: Salzwedel 17012007 (145).jpg|Figure  6: Salt efflorescence on a flagstone.
Image: Pilsum salz auf Ziegelsaeule.jpg|Figure 7: Carbonate salts form a crust on a pillar. Cause in this case were  a injection with cement slurry
Image: Pilsum salz auf Ziegelsaeule.jpg|Figure 7: Carbonate salts incrustation on a pillar resulting from the leaching of cement slurry injections.
Image:Lueneburg-AmSande1 3.jpg|Figure 8: Crystallizing salts make the crackles on a glazed tile visible. With time, the salts will damage the glaze.
Image:Lueneburg-AmSande1 3.jpg|Figure 8: Crystallizing salts accentuate the crazing of a glazed tile. Gradually, the salts will induce the glaze to spall off.
</gallery>
</gallery>


== Literature ==
== Literature ==


 
[[Category:Schwarz,Hans-Jürgen]][[Category:Decay_Pattern:Ceramics]] [[Category:R-CBlaeuer]][[Category:approved]]
 
[[Category:Decay_Pattern:Ceramics]] [[Category:R-CBlaeuer]][[Category:inProgress]]

Latest revision as of 09:48, 20 September 2013

Author: Hans-Jürgen Schwarz
English Translation by Sandra Leithäuser
Back to Decay Pattern

Abstract[edit]

Typical deterioration patterns for architectural ceramics are discussed and explained.


Decay patterns of architectural ceramics[edit]

Deterioration of brickwork

Salt-induced damage to bricks is very common.


Glazed architectural ceramics

The glaze on building ceramics prevents the transport of moisture and salts. Often however, the glaze shows "crazing" (a fine network of fissures or cracks) allowing moisture transport through it. And therefore, if salts are present, they will crystallize around these fissures as well as below the glazing around them, leading to its spalling.


Some examples of salt-contaminated architectural ceramics that show the damage induced are shown here:

Flaking[edit]

Powdering[edit]

Efflorescence[edit]

Literature[edit]