Building Materials

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Author: Hans-Jürgen Schwarz, Heiner Siedel

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Abstract

Damage to natural stone is omnipresent. Typical deterioration patterns resulting from the presence of salts in natural stone are shown below. For a detailed list and description of the various types of deterioration, see ICOMOS-ISCS publication [Verges-Belmin.etal:2008]Title: Illustrated glossary on stone deterioration patterns
Author: Vergès-Belmin, Veronique; Anson-Cartwright, Tamara; Bourguignon, Elsa; Bromblet, Philippe; Cassar, Jo Ann; Charola, Elena; DeWitte, Eddy; Delgado-Rodriguez, Jose; Fassina, Vasco; Fitzner, Bernd; Fortier, Laurent; Franzen, Christoph; Garcia de Miguel, José-Maria; Hyslop, Ewan; Klingspor-Rotstein, Marie; Kwiatkowski, Daniel; Krumbein, Wolfgang; Lefèvre, Roger-Alexandre; Maxwell, Ingval; McMillan, Andrew; Michoinova, Dagmar; Nishiura, Tadaretu; Queisser, Andreas; Pallot-Frossard, Isabelle; Scherrer, George W.; Simon, Stefan; Snethlage, Rolf; Tourneur, Francis; Van Hees, Rob; Varti-Matarangas, Myrsini; Warscheid, Tomas; Winterhalter, Kati; Young, David
Link to Google Scholar


Alveolar Weathering

Examples of alveolar weathering (see [Heckmann:1995]Title: Untersuchung der Alveolarverwitterung (AV) an der Marienkirche (Marienberg, Sachsen)
Author: Heckmann
Link to Google Scholar,[Livingston:1994]Title: Influence of evaporite minerals on gypsum crusts and alveolar weathering
Author: Livingston, R. A.
Link to Google Scholar, [Laue.etal:2005]Title: Alveolarverwitterung und schichtparalleles Auswittern der Kreidesandsteine an der Kirche von Leuba /Sachsen
Author: Laue, Steffen; Siedel, Heiner; Hilbert, Georg; Pfefferkorn, Stephan
Link to Google Scholar and [Siedel:2008]Title: Salt-induced alveolar weathering of rhyolite tuff on a building: causes and processes
Author: Siedel, Heiner
Link to Google Scholar[Laue.etal:2004]Title: Alveolar (honeycomb) weathering of Cretaceous building sandstone on the church of Leuba (Upper Lusatia,Germany): causes, processes, damages.
Author: Laue, Steffen; Siedel, Heiner; Pfefferkorn, Stephan
Link to Google Scholar [Siedel:2010]Title: Alveolar weathering of Cretaceous building sandstones on monuments in Saxony, Germany
Author: Siedel, Heiner
Link to Google Scholar).

  • Alveolar Weathering

  • Alveolar weathering at Kronborg Castle in Denmark, general view of the deteriorating wall.

  • Alveolar weathering at Kronborg Castle in Denmark, detail.

  • Alveolar Weathering at Kronborg Castle in Denmark, close-up.

Literatur

[Heckmann:1995]Heckmann (1995): Untersuchung der Alveolarverwitterung (AV) an der Marienkirche (Marienberg, Sachsen), unveröffentlichter BerichtLink to Google Scholar
[Laue.etal:2004]Laue, Steffen; Siedel, Heiner; Pfefferkorn, Stephan (2004): Alveolar (honeycomb) weathering of Cretaceous building sandstone on the church of Leuba (Upper Lusatia,Germany): causes, processes, damages.. In: Kwiatkowski, Daniel; Löfvendahl, Runo (eds.): Proceedings of the 10th International Congress on Deterioration and Conservation of Stone, ICOMOS, 211-218Link to Google Scholar
[Laue.etal:2005]Laue, Steffen; Siedel, Heiner; Hilbert, Georg; Pfefferkorn, Stephan (2005): Alveolarverwitterung und schichtparalleles Auswittern der Kreidesandsteine an der Kirche von Leuba /Sachsen. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften, 156 (1), 141-149Link to Google Scholar
[Livingston:1994]Livingston, R. A. (1994): Influence of evaporite minerals on gypsum crusts and alveolar weathering. In: Fassina, V.; H, Ott; Zezza, F. (eds.): The conservation of monuments in the Mediterranean Basin. Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium, Venice, 1994,Soprintendenza ai Beni Artistici e Storici di Venezia 101-107Link to Google Scholar
[Siedel:2008]Siedel, Heiner (2008): Salt-induced alveolar weathering of rhyolite tuff on a building: causes and processes. In: Ottosen, Lisbeth M.; Rörig-Dalgaard, Inge; Larsen , Poul Klenz; Brajer, Isabelle; Bøllingtoft, Peder; Marciniak, Mette; Svane, Maja (eds.): Salt Weathering on Buildings and Stone Sculptures, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark, 79-88Link to Google ScholarFulltext link
[Siedel:2010]Siedel, Heiner (2010): Alveolar weathering of Cretaceous building sandstones on monuments in Saxony, Germany. In: Prikryl, R; Torok, A. (eds.): Natural Stone Resources for Historical Monuments. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, Geological Society, London, 11-23, Url, 10.1144/SP333.2Link to Google Scholar
[Verges-Belmin.etal:2008] Vergès-Belmin, Veronique; Anson-Cartwright, Tamara; Bourguignon, Elsa; Bromblet, Philippe; Cassar, Jo Ann; Charola, Elena; DeWitte, Eddy; Delgado-Rodriguez, Jose; Fassina, Vasco; Fitzner, Bernd; Fortier, Laurent; Franzen, Christoph; Garcia de Miguel, José-Maria; Hyslop, Ewan; Klingspor-Rotstein, Marie; Kwiatkowski, Daniel; Krumbein, Wolfgang; Lefèvre, Roger-Alexandre; Maxwell, Ingval; McMillan, Andrew; Michoinova, Dagmar; Nishiura, Tadaretu; Queisser, Andreas; Pallot-Frossard, Isabelle; Scherrer, George W.; Simon, Stefan; Snethlage, Rolf; Tourneur, Francis; Van Hees, Rob; Varti-Matarangas, Myrsini; Warscheid, Tomas; Winterhalter, Kati; Young, David (2008): Illustrated glossary on stone deterioration patterns, ICOMOS, UrlLink to Google Scholar
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