Carbonate

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Author: Hans-Jürgen Schwarz
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Overview[edit]

In this overview the most frequently occurring salts with carbonate as the anion are listed. The various salt phases are discussed in detail on separate pages, their occurrence and their damage potential is explained and the damage szmptoms are illustrated in an documentation.

Name Formula Solubility
[g/l] 20°C
Deliqueszenz-humidity Light refraction/
Birefringence
Notes
Calcite CaCO3 0,014 (25°C   no = 1,658
ne = 1,486
Δ = 0,172
very soluble in 2M HCl
Dolomite CaMg(CO3)2 0,078(18)   no = 1,679-1,698
ne = 1,502-1,513
Δ = 0,177-0,185
slowly soluble in 2M HCl
Magnesiumcarbonate - Magnesite MgCO3 0,106   no = 1,700-1,719
ne = 1,509-1,527
Δ = 0,191-0,199
very slowly soluble in 2M HCl
Nesquehonite MgCO3•3H2O 1,79(16)   nx = 1,417
ny = 1,503
nz = 1,527
Δ = 0,110
poorly water-soluble
pH ca. 10
Lansfordite MgCO3•5H2O     nx = 1,465
ny = 1,468
nz = 1,507
Δ = 0,052
poorly water-soluble
pH ca. 10
Hydromagnesite Mg5[OH(CO3)2]2
4H2O
    nx = 1,515-1,523
ny = 1,530-1,527
nz = 1,544-1,545
Δ = 0,029-0,022
not much soluble in water
Natriumcarbonate - Natrite Na2CO3 210 (20°C)   nx = 1,415
ny = 1,535
nz = 1,546
Δ = 0,131
blooms quickly in dry air and passes into the monohydrate over pH 12
Natron Na2CO3•10H2O 215,2(°C) 88,2(25), 97,9(20), 96,5(15) nx = 1,405
ny = 1,425
nz = 1,440
Δ = 0,035
blooms quickly in dry air and passes into the monohydrate over pH 12
Thermonatrite Na2CO3•H2O 330 71 (35°C) nx = 1,420
ny = 1,509
nz = 1,525
Δ = 0,105
pH ca. 12
Nahcolite NaHCO3 96   nx = 1,376
ny = 1,500
nz = 1,582
Δ = 0,206
pH ca. 8
Trona Na3H(CO3)2•2H2O 130 (0°C)   nx = 1,412
ny = 1,492
nz = 1,540
Δ = 0,128
produce from aqueous solution with a lot of NaCl and Na2SO4 at50°-85°C; pH ca. 10
Potassiumcarbonate - Pottash K2CO3 1120 43,2 (25) nx = 1,426
ny = 1,531
nz = 1,541
Δ = 0,115
 
Potassiumcarbonatdihydrat K2CO3•2H2O 1470 (20) 43,2 (20) nx = 1,38
ny = 1,432
nz = 1,573
Δ = 0,193
 
Potassiumcarbonate Sesquihydrate K2CO3•1,5H2O     nx = 1,474
ny = 1,483
nz = 1,510
Δ = 0,036
 
Kalicinite KHCO3 333   nx = 1,380
ny = 1,482
nz = 1,573
Δ = 0,193
pH ca. 8