Architectural Ceramics: Difference between revisions
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== Introduction == | == Introduction == | ||
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== Decay Pattern of Architectural Ceramics== | == Decay Pattern of Architectural Ceramics== | ||
''' | '''Deterioration of Brickwork''' | ||
Salt-induced damage to bricks | Salt-induced damage to bricks is common. | ||
Damage to bricks can | Damage to bricks can appear as follows: | ||
'''Glazed Architectural Ceramics''' | '''Glazed Architectural Ceramics''' | ||
The glaze | The glaze on building ceramics prevents the transport of moisture and salts. Often however, the glaze is split into a fine network of cracks (craquele), allowing the moisture transport through capillary action. | ||
In the fissures of the craquele, salt contamination can be seen particularly well and often this damage leads to the spalling of the glazes. | |||
Some examples of salt-contaminated glazed building ceramics are shown here. | Some examples of salt-contaminated glazed building ceramics are shown here. | ||
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=== Flaking === | === Flaking === | ||
<gallery perrow="3" heights="200px" widths="250px" caption="Decay pattern on a brick of the St.Jakobi | <gallery perrow="3" heights="200px" widths="250px" caption="Decay pattern on a brick of the St. Jakobi Church in Perleberg"> | ||
Image:Perleberg 14.04.2003 (50)-Ausschnitt.jpg|Figure 1: The damaged brick | Image:Perleberg 14.04.2003 (50)-Ausschnitt.jpg|Figure 1: The scaling surface of a damaged brick, caused by crystallizing salts. | ||
Image:Per_270603_5-13_14.jpg|Figure 2: Photo of a thin section in polarized light. The | Image:Per_270603_5-13_14.jpg|Figure 2: Photo of a thin section in polarized light. The gray parallel crystals are gypsum. | ||
Image:Per 270603 5-13 15.jpg|Figure 3: | Image:Per 270603 5-13 15.jpg|Figure 3: Photo micrograph as Fig 2 with crossed polarizers. It is clearly visible that, on the one hand gypsum is causing the damage to the brick, but on the other hand it acts like an adhesive/ cement, holding the flaking pieces in place. With the removal of the gypsum the original substance of the brick would be lost.</gallery> | ||
=== | ===Weathering === | ||
<gallery perrow="3" heights="200px" widths="250px" caption="Damage to a building in Lüneburg"> | <gallery perrow="3" heights="200px" widths="250px" caption="Damage to a building in Lüneburg"> | ||
Image:Lueneburg-AmSande1 1.jpg|Figure 4: Salts | Image:Lueneburg-AmSande1 1.jpg|Figure 4: Salts causing damage to a molded brick | ||
Image:Lueneburg-AmSande1 2.jpg|Figure 5: Salt | Image:Lueneburg-AmSande1 2.jpg|Figure 5: Salt action under a coat of paint, scaling and disintegration of the brick | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
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<gallery perrow="3" heights="200px" widths="250px" caption="Efflorescences on Architectural Ceramics"> | <gallery perrow="3" heights="200px" widths="250px" caption="Efflorescences on Architectural Ceramics"> | ||
Image: Salzwedel 17012007 (145).jpg|Figure 6: Salt on a | Image: Salzwedel 17012007 (145).jpg|Figure 6: Salt efflorescence on a flagstone | ||
Image: Pilsum salz auf Ziegelsaeule.jpg|Figure 7: | Image: Pilsum salz auf Ziegelsaeule.jpg|Figure 7: Encrustations on a pillar formed by carbonate salts and caused by the leaching of cement slurry injections. | ||
Image:Lueneburg-AmSande1 3.jpg|Figure 8: Crystallizing salts | Image:Lueneburg-AmSande1 3.jpg|Figure 8: Crystallizing salts accentuate the craquele on a glazed tile. Gradually, the salts will damage the glaze. | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
Revision as of 13:46, 11 October 2011
<bibimport/>
Author: Hans-Jürgen Schwarz
Back to Decay Pattern
Abstract[edit]
Typical damage patterns are presented and explained.
Decay Pattern of Architectural Ceramics[edit]
Deterioration of Brickwork
Salt-induced damage to bricks is common.
Damage to bricks can appear as follows:
Glazed Architectural Ceramics
The glaze on building ceramics prevents the transport of moisture and salts. Often however, the glaze is split into a fine network of cracks (craquele), allowing the moisture transport through capillary action. In the fissures of the craquele, salt contamination can be seen particularly well and often this damage leads to the spalling of the glazes.
Some examples of salt-contaminated glazed building ceramics are shown here.
Flaking[edit]
Figure 3: Photo micrograph as Fig 2 with crossed polarizers. It is clearly visible that, on the one hand gypsum is causing the damage to the brick, but on the other hand it acts like an adhesive/ cement, holding the flaking pieces in place. With the removal of the gypsum the original substance of the brick would be lost.