LiCl Condensation Hygrometer

Author: Hans-Jürgen Schwarz

English Translation by Sandra Leithäuser
back to Moisture measurement methods

The principle of operation is that the LiCl-salt containing ceramic sensor, which has been equipped with a heating meander and Pt 500 measuring resistor, heats up until it reaches the equilibrium moisture level/deliquescence humidity of the salt. At this point, no more electric current flows and the heating stops, resulting in a temperature drop. Now the sensor picks up moisture again and starts re-heating. After a while and at a specific temperature, the sensor adjusts to equilibrium. The temperature depends exclusively on the water vapor partial pressure of the ambient air. Automatically, and free of hysteresis, the water vapor pressure of the ambient air that is to be measured, is kept in equilibrium and the sensor temperature is a physically clear measure of the dew-point, similar to the automatic dew-point hygrometer.

LiCl-solutions form different hydrates, depending on the temperature. The sensor may become unstable at the transition temperature of the salts, because the chemically bound water content of the undissolved salt changes abruptly, which is associated with an enthalpy change.

$LiCl\cdot 3H_{2}O\rightarrow LiCl\cdot 2H_{2}O(-20^{\circ }C)$

$LiCl\cdot 2H_{2}O\rightarrow LiCl\cdot H_{2}O(20^{\circ }C)$

$LiCl\cdot H_{2}O\rightarrow LiCl(100^{\circ }C)$

The sensor is to be protected from liquid water. Contamination of the salt may lead to drifts. (Ist mir nicht ganz klar wie das gemeint ist – z.B. Salt contamination of the sensor /LiCl salt/liquid water?) Der Fühler ist vor flüssigem Wasser zu schützen. Eine Drift kann durch Verunreinigungen des Salzes ausgehen. It is important to always run the LiCl covered sensor with heater voltage, because otherwise it takes up water hygroscopically and leaves the prescribed measuring position. Then, the unit is no longer operational. The lower the absolute humidity, the longer it takes for the sensor to respond to a signal. -->