Building Materials

Author: Hans-Jürgen Schwarz, Heiner Siedel

Back to Deterioration Patterns

Abstract

Damage to natural stone is omnipresent. Typical deterioration patterns resulting from the presence of salts in natural stone are shown below. For a detailed list and description of the various types of deterioration, see ICOMOS-ISCS publication [Verges-Belmin.etal:2008]Title: Illustrated glossary on stone deterioration patterns
Author: Vergès-Belmin, Veronique; Anson-Cartwright, Tamara; Bourguignon, Elsa; Bromblet, Philippe; Cassar, Jo Ann; Charola, Elena; DeWitte, Eddy; Delgado-Rodriguez, Jose; Fassina, Vasco; Fitzner, Bernd; Fortier, Laurent; Franzen, Christoph; Garcia de Miguel, José-Maria; Hyslop, Ewan; Klingspor-Rotstein, Marie; Kwiatkowski, Daniel; Krumbein, Wolfgang; Lefèvre, Roger-Alexandre; Maxwell, Ingval; McMillan, Andrew; Michoinova, Dagmar; Nishiura, Tadaretu; Queisser, Andreas; Pallot-Frossard, Isabelle; Scherrer, George W.; Simon, Stefan; Snethlage, Rolf; Tourneur, Francis; Van Hees, Rob; Varti-Matarangas, Myrsini; Warscheid, Tomas; Winterhalter, Kati; Young, David

Alveolar Weathering

Examples of alveolar weathering (see [Heckmann:1995]Title: Untersuchung der Alveolarverwitterung (AV) an der Marienkirche (Marienberg, Sachsen)
Author: Heckmann
,[Livingston:1994]Title: Influence of evaporite minerals on gypsum crusts and alveolar weathering
Author: Livingston, R. A.
, [Laue.etal:2005]Title: Alveolarverwitterung und schichtparalleles Auswittern der Kreidesandsteine an der Kirche von Leuba /Sachsen
Author: Laue, Steffen; Siedel, Heiner; Hilbert, Georg; Pfefferkorn, Stephan
and [Siedel:2008]Title: Salt-induced alveolar weathering of rhyolite tuff on a building: causes and processes
Author: Siedel, Heiner
[Laue.etal:2004]Title: Alveolar (honeycomb) weathering of Cretaceous building sandstone on the church of Leuba (Upper Lusatia,Germany): causes, processes, damages.
Author: Laue, Steffen; Siedel, Heiner; Pfefferkorn, Stephan
[Siedel:2010]Title: Alveolar weathering of Cretaceous building sandstones on monuments in Saxony, Germany
Author: Siedel, Heiner
).

• Alveolar Weathering
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  Alveolar weathering at Kronborg Castle in Denmark, general view of the deteriorating wall.

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  Alveolar weathering at Kronborg Castle in Denmark, detail.

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  Alveolar Weathering at Kronborg Castle in Denmark, close-up.

Literatur

[Heckmann:1995]	Heckmann (1995): Untersuchung der Alveolarverwitterung (AV) an der Marienkirche (Marienberg, Sachsen), unveröffentlichter Bericht.
[Laue.etal:2004]	Laue, Steffen; Siedel, Heiner; Pfefferkorn, Stephan (2004): Alveolar (honeycomb) weathering of Cretaceous building sandstone on the church of Leuba (Upper Lusatia,Germany): causes, processes, damages.. In: Kwiatkowski, Daniel; Löfvendahl, Runo (eds.): Proceedings of the 10th International Congress on Deterioration and Conservation of Stone, ICOMOS, 211-218.
[Laue.etal:2005]	Laue, Steffen; Siedel, Heiner; Hilbert, Georg; Pfefferkorn, Stephan (2005): Alveolarverwitterung und schichtparalleles Auswittern der Kreidesandsteine an der Kirche von Leuba /Sachsen. In: Zeitschrift der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften, 156 (1), 141-149
[Livingston:1994]	Livingston, R. A. (1994): Influence of evaporite minerals on gypsum crusts and alveolar weathering. In: Fassina, V.; H, Ott; Zezza, F. (eds.): The conservation of monuments in the Mediterranean Basin. Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium, Venice, 1994,Soprintendenza ai Beni Artistici e Storici di Venezia 101-107.
[Siedel:2008]	Siedel, Heiner (2008): Salt-induced alveolar weathering of rhyolite tuff on a building: causes and processes. In: Ottosen, Lisbeth M.; Rörig-Dalgaard, Inge; Larsen , Poul Klenz; Brajer, Isabelle; Bøllingtoft, Peder; Marciniak, Mette; Svane, Maja (eds.): Salt Weathering on Buildings and Stone Sculptures, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark, 79-88.
[Siedel:2010]	Siedel, Heiner (2010): Alveolar weathering of Cretaceous building sandstones on monuments in Saxony, Germany. In: Prikryl, R; Torok, A. (eds.): Natural Stone Resources for Historical Monuments. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, Geological Society, London, 11-23, Url, 10.1144/SP333.2.
[Verges-Belmin.etal:2008]	Vergès-Belmin, Veronique; Anson-Cartwright, Tamara; Bourguignon, Elsa; Bromblet, Philippe; Cassar, Jo Ann; Charola, Elena; DeWitte, Eddy; Delgado-Rodriguez, Jose; Fassina, Vasco; Fitzner, Bernd; Fortier, Laurent; Franzen, Christoph; Garcia de Miguel, José-Maria; Hyslop, Ewan; Klingspor-Rotstein, Marie; Kwiatkowski, Daniel; Krumbein, Wolfgang; Lefèvre, Roger-Alexandre; Maxwell, Ingval; McMillan, Andrew; Michoinova, Dagmar; Nishiura, Tadaretu; Queisser, Andreas; Pallot-Frossard, Isabelle; Scherrer, George W.; Simon, Stefan; Snethlage, Rolf; Tourneur, Francis; Van Hees, Rob; Varti-Matarangas, Myrsini; Warscheid, Tomas; Winterhalter, Kati; Young, David (2008): Illustrated glossary on stone deterioration patterns, ICOMOS, Url