Sulfate
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Author: Hans-Jürgen Schwarz
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Overview[edit]
In this overview the most frequently occurring salts with suklphate as the anion are listed. The various salt phases are discussed in detail on separate pages, their occurrence and their damage potential is explained and the damage szmptoms are illustrated in an documentation..
| Name | Formula | Solubility[g/l] 20°C | Deliqueszenz-humidity | Light refraction/ Birefringence | notes |
| Calciumsulfate - Gipsum | CaSO4•2H2O | 2,41 | nx = 1,521 ny = 1,523 nz = 1,530 Δ = 0,009 |
poorly water-soluble | |
| Bassanite | CaSO4•0,5H2O | 3,0 | no = 1,558 ne = 1,586 Δ = 0,028 |
poorly water-soluble | |
| Magnesiumsulfate - Epsomite | MgSO4•7H2O | 710 | 90,1(20), 94(30) | nx = 1,433 ny = 1,455 nz = 1,461 Δ = 0,028 |
to prepare in aqueous solution at 50°C |
| Hexahydrite | MgSO4•6H2O | 660 | nx = 1,426 ny = 1,453 nz = 1,456 Δ = 0,030 |
to prepare in aqueous solution at 48 ° -69 ° C | |
| Pentahydrite | MgSO4•5H2O | nx = 1,482 ny = 1,492 nz = 1,493 Δ = 0,011 |
not stable in air | ||
| Starkeyite | MgSO4•4H2O | nx = 1,49 ny = 1,491 nz = 1,497 Δ = 0,007 |
not stable in air | ||
| Kieserite | MgSO4•H2O | 684(100°C) | nx = 1,523-1,520 ny = 1,535-1,533 nz = 1,586-1,584 Δ = 0,063-0,064 |
to produce in aqueous solution above 67 ° C | |
| Darapskite | Na3(SO4)(NO3)• H2O |
nx = 1,391 ny = 1,481 nz = 1,486 Δ = 0,095 |
produce from an aqueous solution of Na2SO4 andNaNO3 at 14°-50°C | ||
| Mirabilite | Na2SO4•10H2O | 900 | 87(25), 90(23), 93,6(20) | nx = 1,394-1,396 ny = 1,396-1,410 nz = 1,398-1,419 Δ = 0,004-0,023 |
easily lose a little water and transforms at 32 ° C into thenardite which shows anomalous blue or brown interference colors |
| Natriumsulfate - Thenardite |
Na2SO4 | 162 | 81,7 (25) | nx = 1,468 ny = 1,473 nz = 1,483 Δ = 0,015 |
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| Aphthitalite (Glaserite) | K3Na(SO4)2 | no = 1,487-1,491 ne = 1,492-1,499 Δ = 0,005-0,008 |
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| Arcanite | K2SO4 | 110 147 (40) |
97,6 (20) | nx = 1,494 ny = 1,495 nz = 1,497 Δ = 0,003 |
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| Astrakanite (Bloedite) | Na2Mg(SO4)2•4H2O | nx = 1,483-1,486 ny = 1,486-1,488 nz = 1,487-1,489 Δ = 0,004-0,003 |
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| Schönite (Pikromerite) | K2Mg(SO4)2•6H2O | 250 | nx = 1,461 ny = 1,463 nz = 1,476 Δ = 0,015 |
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| Boussingaultite | (NH4)2Mg(SO4)2•6H2O | 159 (0) 1300 (100) |
nx = 1,472 ny = 1,473 nz = 1,479 Δ = 0,007 |
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| Syngenite | K2Ca(SO4)2•H2O | 2,5 | nx = 1,501 ny = 1,517 nz = 1,518 Δ = 0,017 |
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| Gorgeyite | K2Ca5(SO4)6•H2O | nx = 1,560 ny = 1,569 nz = 1,584 Δ = 0,024 |
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| Ettringite | Ca6Al2(SO4)3(OH)12• 26H2O |
no = 1,491 ne = 1,470 Δ = 0,021 |
not water-soluble | ||
| Thaumasite | Ca3Si(OH)6(CO3)(SO4)• 12H2O |
no =1,468 ne = 1,507 Δ = 0,039 |
not water-soluble |