Micro-chemical test for magnesium: Difference between revisions

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More information about the necessary equipment and materials see Article Micro-chemistry.  
For more information on the required equipment and materials see the Micro-chemistry article.  


== Procedure ==
== Procedure ==
   
   
=== Mg<sup>2+</sup> test using ammonium hydrogen phosphate and ammonia  ===
Acidify the sample drop with a small drop of dilute (2M) hydrochloric acid. Add a drop of di-ammonia hydrogen phosphate solution (NH<sub>4</sub>NH<sub>2</sub>NO<sub>3</sub> 10% aqueous solution). Invert the slide and hold the drop over an open bottle of concentrated ammonium hydroxide to expose it to ammonia vapor. Alternatively a drop of 2M ammonium hydroxide solution can be added to the test drop, but the first procedure usually gives better results.


=== Mg test using ammonium hydrogen phosphate and ammoniac ===
If  Mg<sup>2+</sup> is present typical crystals of magnesium ammonium phosphate (MgNH<sub>4</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>.6H<sub>2</sub>O) can be observed in the center of the test drop. Detection limit for Mg<sup>2+</sup> = 0.05 µg.
Acidify the sample drop with a small drop of dilute hydrochloric acid (2M).  Add to this a drop of ammonium hydrogen phosphate solution. Invert the slide and hold the drop over an open bottle of concentrated ammonium hydroxide (ammonia vapor). Alternatively a drop of 2M ammonium hydroxide solution can be added to the test drop, but the first procedure usually produces the better results.
If  Mg2+ is present typical crystals of magnesium ammonium phosphate (MgNH4PO4.6H2O) can be observed in the centre of the test drop. Detection limit for Mg2+ = 0.05 µg.
===Ions that may inhibit the test or affect its delicacy: ===
If calcium ions are present these form a white, flocculent precipitate of calcium phosphate which can hamper or even inhibit the detection of the magnesium ammonium phosphate.


===Mg test using cesium chloride and sodium hydrogen phosphate===
'''''Ions that may inhibit the test or affect its sensitivity:'''''
Acidify the sample drop with a small drop of dilute hydrochloric acid (2M). Add to this a drop of sodium hydrogen phosphate solution. Add one crystal of cesium chloride to the solution.
If calcium ions are present, these form a white, flocculent precipitate of calcium phosphate which can interfere or even inhibit the formation of magnesium ammonium phosphate
If  Mg2+ is present very small, octahedral crystals of cesium magnesium phosphate (CsMgPO4.6H2O) are forming very quickly near the dissolving grain of CsCl. Detection limit for Mg2+ = 1 µg.


===Ions that may inhibit the test or affect its delicacy: ===
===Mg<sup>2+</sup> test using cesium chloride and sodium hydrogen phosphate ===  
Ions of the elements Sr, Ba, Zn, Cd, Sn, Pb, Ag and Cu disturb or mask the reaction.
Acidify the sample drop with a small drop of dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl 2M). Add to it a drop of di-sodium hydrogen phosphate solution (10% aqueous solution). Add one crystal of cesium chloride to the solution.
calcium ions can form a white, flocculent precipitates of calcium phosphate which can hamper or even inhibit the detection of the cesium magnesium phosphate formed.


===Mg test using Titan yellow after [1] ===
If the amount of Mg<sup>2+</sup> present is very small, octahedral crystals of cesium magnesium phosphate (CsMgPO<sub>4</sub>.6H<sub>2</sub>O) will very quickly form near the dissolving grain of CsCl. Detection limit for Mg<sup>2+</sup> = 1 µg.
Put 1 drop of the test solution is on a spot plate, acidify with diluted hydrochloric acid and 1 drop of the titan yellow solution. Add 1 or 2 drops of sodium hydroxide solution and stir with a glass rod.
If Mg2+ is present a red, flocculent precipitation will form. Detection limit for Mg2+ ca. 1.5 µg.


===Ions that may inhibit the test or affect its delicacy: ===
'''''Ions that may inhibit the test or affect its sentivity:'''''
The presence of calcium leads to a slightly orange to reddish staining of the solution which cannot be confounded with the red, flocculent precipitation. Control tests with known substances will help to recognize a positive reaction for Mg2+ unambiguously.
Ions of the elements Sr, Ba, Zn, Cd, Sn, Pb, Ag and Cu interfere with or mask the reaction.
Nickel, zinc, manganese and cobalt ions disturb the reaction [2]
Calcium ions form a white, flocculent precipitate of calcium phosphate that interferes or even inhibits the formation of the cesium magnesium phosphate formed.


===Mg<sup>2+</sup> test using Titan yellow, a triazin dye, after [1] ===
Put 1 drop of the test solution on a spot plate, acidify with diluted hydrochloric acid (HCl 2M) and 1 drop of the titan yellow dye solution. Add 1 or 2 drops of sodium hydroxide solution and stir with a glass rod.
If Mg<sup>2+</sup> is present a red, flocculent precipitate will form. Detection limit for Mg<sup>2+</sup> ca. 1.5 µg


'''''Ions that may inhibit the test or affect its sentivity:'''''
The presence of calcium leads to a slightly orange to reddish staining of the solution which cannot be confused with the red, flocculent precipitation. Control tests with known substances will help to recognize a positive reaction for Mg<sup>2+</sup> unambiguously.


Nickel, zinc, manganese and cobalt ions interfere with the reaction [2]


== Literature ==
== Literature ==
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[[category:Bläuer,Christine]][[category:approved]][[category: microchemistry]]
[[category:Bläuer,Christine]][[category:inProgress]][[category: microchemistry]]

Latest revision as of 20:51, 24 November 2017

Author: Christine Bläuer

back to Micro-chemical testing

For more information on the required equipment and materials see the Micro-chemistry article.

Procedure

Mg2+ test using ammonium hydrogen phosphate and ammonia

Acidify the sample drop with a small drop of dilute (2M) hydrochloric acid. Add a drop of di-ammonia hydrogen phosphate solution (NH4NH2NO3 10% aqueous solution). Invert the slide and hold the drop over an open bottle of concentrated ammonium hydroxide to expose it to ammonia vapor. Alternatively a drop of 2M ammonium hydroxide solution can be added to the test drop, but the first procedure usually gives better results.

If Mg2+ is present typical crystals of magnesium ammonium phosphate (MgNH4PO4.6H2O) can be observed in the center of the test drop. Detection limit for Mg2+ = 0.05 µg.

Ions that may inhibit the test or affect its sensitivity: If calcium ions are present, these form a white, flocculent precipitate of calcium phosphate which can interfere or even inhibit the formation of magnesium ammonium phosphate

Mg2+ test using cesium chloride and sodium hydrogen phosphate

Acidify the sample drop with a small drop of dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl 2M). Add to it a drop of di-sodium hydrogen phosphate solution (10% aqueous solution). Add one crystal of cesium chloride to the solution.

If the amount of Mg2+ present is very small, octahedral crystals of cesium magnesium phosphate (CsMgPO4.6H2O) will very quickly form near the dissolving grain of CsCl. Detection limit for Mg2+ = 1 µg.

Ions that may inhibit the test or affect its sentivity: Ions of the elements Sr, Ba, Zn, Cd, Sn, Pb, Ag and Cu interfere with or mask the reaction. Calcium ions form a white, flocculent precipitate of calcium phosphate that interferes or even inhibits the formation of the cesium magnesium phosphate formed.

Mg2+ test using Titan yellow, a triazin dye, after [1]

Put 1 drop of the test solution on a spot plate, acidify with diluted hydrochloric acid (HCl 2M) and 1 drop of the titan yellow dye solution. Add 1 or 2 drops of sodium hydroxide solution and stir with a glass rod. If Mg2+ is present a red, flocculent precipitate will form. Detection limit for Mg2+ ca. 1.5 µg

Ions that may inhibit the test or affect its sentivity: The presence of calcium leads to a slightly orange to reddish staining of the solution which cannot be confused with the red, flocculent precipitation. Control tests with known substances will help to recognize a positive reaction for Mg2+ unambiguously.

Nickel, zinc, manganese and cobalt ions interfere with the reaction [2]

Literature