Sulfate: Difference between revisions

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== Übersicht über die Sulfate ==
== Overview ==


In dieser Übersicht finden Sie die am häufigsten an den Objekten anzutreffenden Salze mit Sulfat als Anion. Die einzelnen Salze werden auf eigenen Seiten näher behandelt, ihr Vorkommen und ihre Schadensrelevanz wird erklärt und ihr Schadensbild in einer Bilddokumentation dargestellt.<br>  
In this overview the most frequently occurring salts with nitrate as the anion are listed. The various salt phases are discussed in detail on separate pages, their occurrence and their damage potential is explained and the damage szmptoms are illustrated in an documentation..<br>  


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Revision as of 19:49, 2 May 2011

Author: Hans-Jürgen Schwarz

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Overview[edit]

In this overview the most frequently occurring salts with nitrate as the anion are listed. The various salt phases are discussed in detail on separate pages, their occurrence and their damage potential is explained and the damage szmptoms are illustrated in an documentation..

Name Formula Solubility[g/l] 20°C Deliqueszenz-humidity Light refraction/ Birefringence notes
Calciumsulfate - Gipsum CaSO4•2H2O 2,41   nx = 1,521
ny = 1,523
nz = 1,530
Δ = 0,009
poorly water-soluble
Bassanite CaSO4•0,5H2O 3,0   no = 1,558
ne = 1,586
Δ = 0,028
poorly water-soluble
Magnesiumsulfate - Epsomite MgSO4•7H2O 710 90,1(20), 94(30) nx = 1,433
ny = 1,455
nz = 1,461
Δ = 0,028
to prepare in aqueous solution at 50°C
Hexahydrite MgSO4•6H2O 660   nx = 1,426
ny = 1,453
nz = 1,456
Δ = 0,030
to prepare in aqueous solution at 48 ° -69 ° C
Pentahydrite MgSO4•5H2O     nx = 1,482
ny = 1,492
nz = 1,493
Δ = 0,011
not stable in air
Starkeyite MgSO4•4H2O     nx = 1,49
ny = 1,491
nz = 1,497
Δ = 0,007
not stable in air
Kieserite MgSO4•H2O 684(100°C)   nx = 1,523-1,520
ny = 1,535-1,533
nz = 1,586-1,584
Δ = 0,063-0,064
to produce in aqueous solution above 67 ° C
Darapskite Na3(SO4)(NO3)•
H2O
    nx = 1,391
ny = 1,481
nz = 1,486
Δ = 0,095
herzustellen aus einer wässrigen Lösung von Na2SO4 und NaNO3 bei 14°-50°C
Mirabilite Na2SO4•10H2O 900 87(25), 90(23), 93,6(20) nx = 1,394-1,396
ny = 1,396-1,410
nz = 1,398-1,419
Δ = 0,004-0,023
verliert leicht etwas Wasser, geht bei 32°C in Thenardit über
- anomale blaue oder braune Interferenzfarben
Natriumsulfate - Thenardite

Na2SO4 162 81,7 (25) nx = 1,468
ny = 1,473
nz = 1,483
Δ = 0,015
 
Aphthitalite (Glaserite) K3Na(SO4)2     no = 1,487-1,491
ne = 1,492-1,499
Δ = 0,005-0,008
 
Arcanite K2SO4 110
147 (40)
97,6 (20) nx = 1,494
ny = 1,495
nz = 1,497
Δ = 0,003
 
Astrakanite (Bloedite) Na2Mg(SO4)2•4H2O     nx = 1,483-1,486
ny = 1,486-1,488
nz = 1,487-1,489
Δ = 0,004-0,003
 
Schönite (Pikromerite) K2Mg(SO4)2•6H2O 250   nx = 1,461
ny = 1,463
nz = 1,476
Δ = 0,015
 
Boussingaultite (NH4)2Mg(SO4)2•6H2O 159 (0)
1300 (100)
  nx = 1,472
ny = 1,473
nz = 1,479
Δ = 0,007
 
Syngenite K2Ca(SO4)2•H2O 2,5   nx = 1,501
ny = 1,517
nz = 1,518
Δ = 0,017
 
Gorgeyite K2Ca5(SO4)6•H2O     nx = 1,560
ny = 1,569
nz = 1,584
Δ = 0,024
 
Ettringite Ca6Al2(SO4)3(OH)12
26H2O
    no = 1,491
ne = 1,470
Δ = 0,021
not water-soluble
Thaumasite Ca3Si(OH)6(CO3)(SO4)•
12H2O
    no =1,468
ne = 1,507
Δ = 0,039
not water-soluble