Carbonate

Author: Hans-Jürgen Schwarz
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Overview

In this overview the most frequently occurring salts with carbonate as the anion are listed. The various salt phases are discussed in detail on separate pages, their occurrence and their damage potential is explained and the damage szmptoms are illustrated in an documentation.

Name	Formula	Solubility [g/l] 20°C	Deliqueszenz-humidity	Light refraction/ Birefringence	Notes
Calcite	CaCO3	0,014 (25°C		no = 1,658 ne = 1,486 Δ = 0,172	very soluble in 2M HCl
Dolomite	CaMg(CO3)2	0,078(18)		no = 1,679-1,698 ne = 1,502-1,513 Δ = 0,177-0,185	slowly soluble in 2M HCl
Magnesiumcarbonate - Magnesite	MgCO3	0,106		no = 1,700-1,719 ne = 1,509-1,527 Δ = 0,191-0,199	very slowly soluble in 2M HCl
Nesquehonite	MgCO3•3H2O	1,79(16)		nx = 1,417 ny = 1,503 nz = 1,527 Δ = 0,110	poorly water-soluble pH ca. 10
Lansfordite	MgCO3•5H2O			nx = 1,465 ny = 1,468 nz = 1,507 Δ = 0,052	poorly water-soluble pH ca. 10
Hydromagnesite	Mg5[OH(CO3)2]2• 4H2O			nx = 1,515-1,523 ny = 1,530-1,527 nz = 1,544-1,545 Δ = 0,029-0,022	not much soluble in water
Natriumcarbonate - Natrite	Na2CO3	210 (20°C)		nx = 1,415 ny = 1,535 nz = 1,546 Δ = 0,131	blooms quickly in dry air and passes into the monohydrate over pH 12
Natron	Na2CO3•10H2O	215,2(°C)	88,2(25), 97,9(20), 96,5(15)	nx = 1,405 ny = 1,425 nz = 1,440 Δ = 0,035	blooms quickly in dry air and passes into the monohydrate over pH 12
Thermonatrite	Na2CO3•H2O	330	71 (35°C)	nx = 1,420 ny = 1,509 nz = 1,525 Δ = 0,105	pH ca. 12
Nahcolite	NaHCO3	96		nx = 1,376 ny = 1,500 nz = 1,582 Δ = 0,206	pH ca. 8
Trona	Na3H(CO3)2•2H2O	130 (0°C)		nx = 1,412 ny = 1,492 nz = 1,540 Δ = 0,128	produce from aqueous solution with a lot of NaCl and Na2SO4 at50°-85°C; pH ca. 10
Potassiumcarbonate - Pottash	K2CO3	1120	43,2 (25)	nx = 1,426 ny = 1,531 nz = 1,541 Δ = 0,115
Potassiumcarbonatdihydrat	K2CO3•2H2O	1470 (20)	43,2 (20)	nx = 1,38 ny = 1,432 nz = 1,573 Δ = 0,193
Potassiumcarbonate Sesquihydrate	K2CO3•1,5H2O			nx = 1,474 ny = 1,483 nz = 1,510 Δ = 0,036
Kalicinite	KHCO3	333		nx = 1,380 ny = 1,482 nz = 1,573 Δ = 0,193	pH ca. 8

an atom or molecule with a negative electrical charge.