Chloride
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Author: Hans-Jürgen Schwarz
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Overview[edit]
The chloride salts most frequently found on buildings and monuments are listed. The various salt phases are discussed in detail on separate pages, where their occurrence and deterioration potential is discussed, as well as illustrated by the developed damage patterns.
| Salt | Formula | Solubility at 20°C | Deliquescence RH at 20°C | Light refraction | Birefringence | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bischofite | MgCl2•6H2O | 5.75 mol/kg | nx =1.495 ny = 1.509 nz = 1.528 |
Δ = 0.003 | decomposes at 116-118°C hygroscopic and deliquescent | |
| Tachyhydrite | CaMg2Cl6•12H2O | no= 1.520-1.522 ne = 1.512-1.513 |
Δ = 0.008-0.009 | hygroscopic and deliquescent | ||
| Fluorite | CaF2 | 0.016 g/l (18°C) | n = 1.434 | |||
| Halite | NaCl | 6.135 mol/kg | nD=1.5443 | water soluble | ||
| Calcium chloride | ||||||
| Antarcticite | CaCl2•6H2O | 6.712 mol/kg | no =1.417-1.494 ne = 1.393-1.550 |
Δ= 0.024 | hygroscopic and deliquescent | |
| Calcium chloride tetrahydrate | CaCl2•4H2O | |||||
| Sinjarite | CaCl2•2H2O | |||||
| Carnallite | KMgCl3•6H2O | nx=1.466 ny=1.475 nz=1.949 |
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| Chlorocalcite | KCaCl3 | nx= ny=1.52 nz= |
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| Sylvite | KCl | 4.595 mol/kg | n=1.4903 | |||
| Sal ammoniac | NH4Cl | 37.4 g/l | n = 1.639 |
[Category:Schwarz,Hans-Jürgen]]