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SaltWiki is intended to share current specialist information on salts, damages caused by salts and dealing with salt damage. You are welcome to contribute to this joint venture and to collaborate in compiling SaltWiki as an author. Information about the project you find here.

After completing the DFG project, the research group has founded the association SIK who has been committed to update the contents. The Hornemann Institute of the HAWK is responsible for the technical and graphical maintenance of the portal.

Fundamentals Salts/Salt Mixtures Deterioration Mechanisms Modeling of Salt Mixtures Modeling of Salt and Humidity Transport Origin of Salts Salts and Microbiology		Conservation Measures Preventive Conservation Desalination Salt conversion Renders/Mortars Case Studies		Methods Preliminary Investigations Analysis of Salts Climatic Measurements Moisture Monitoring Documentation-Sampling
Salt Data Nitrate Sulfate Chloride Carbonate Organic Salts		Deterioration Patterns Building Materials Architectural Ceramics Wall Paintings		Literature and Software Fulltext Literature Poster Software

News

Events SWBSS2021 in Delft SWBSS 2021 is the 5th edition of the conference series “Salt Weathering of Buildings and Stone Sculptures”, started in 2008. Previous editions were held in Copenhagen (2008), Limassol (2011), Brussel (2014) and Potsdam (2017). SWBSS2021 will be held at the Delft University of Technology (Delft, The Netherlands) on 22 - 24 September 2021. The conference aims to bring together conservators, restorers, engineers, architects, academics, students and experienced researchers and to contribute thereby to the promotion of research and development within the field of salt weathering of porous materials. You will find the conference proceedings [here] CRYSPOM VIII / 13-57 June 2023 in Ghent (Belgium) The Biannual International workshop Crystallization in Porous Media CRYSPOM focuses on fundamental research of crystallization in porous materials. It unites researchers from geoengineering, geology, physics, chemistry, mechanics and conservation interested in crystal nucleation, growth and transport in porous media and its related consequences. The idea is to bring together leading researchers and Ph.D. students to provide for a constructive and open dialogue. Also, it seeks to incite collaborations between theorists, modelists and experimentalists on an international level. CRYSPOM results from a long-standing tradition. The workshop was founded by Prof. Noushine Shahidzadeh in 2008 in Paris, and subsequently took place in Brienz (Switzerland, 2010), Troia (Portugal, 2012), Amsterdam (The Netherlands, 2014), Toulouse (France, 2016), Hamburg (Germany, 2018) and Pau (France 2021).	Literature Godts, S., Steiger, M., Orr, S.A. et al. Charge balance calculations for mixed salt systems applied to a large dataset from the built environment. Sci Data 9, 324 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01445-9 Abstract:Understanding salt mixtures in the built environment is crucial to evaluate damage phenomena. This contribution presents charge balance calculations applied to a dataset of 11412 samples taken from 338 sites, building materials showing signs of salt deterioration. Each sample includes ion concentrations of Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl−, NO3−, and SO42− adjusted to reach charge balance for data evaluation. The calculation procedure follows two distinct pathways: i) an equal adjustment of all ions, ii) adjustments to the cations in sequence related to the solubility of the theoretical solids. The procedure applied to the dataset illustrates the quantification of salt mixture compositions and highlights the extent of adjustments applied in relation to the sample mass to aid interpretation. The data analysis allows the identification of theoretical carbonates that could influence the mixture behavior. Applying the charge balance calculations to the dataset validated common ions found in the built environment and the identification of three typical mixture compositions. Additionally, the data can be used as direct input for thermodynamic modeling. Eggert, G., Fischer, A. (2021): The formation of formates: a review of metal formates on heritage objects. Herit Sci 9, 26 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40494-021-00499-z Yunxia Shen, Kirsten Linnow and Michael Steiger (2020): Crystallization Behavior and Damage Potential of Na2SO4–NaCl Mixtures in Porous Building Materials: Cryst. Growth Des. 2020, 20, 9, 5974–5985, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.cgd.0c00671 Leyla-Cann Sögütoglu, Michael Steiger, Jelle Houben, Daan Biemans, Hartmut R. Fischer, Pim Donkers, Henk Huinink, and Olaf C. G. Adan(2019): Understanding the Hydration Process of Salts: The Impact of a Nucleation Barrier, Cryst. Growth Des., Article ASAP, DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.8b01908, Publication Date (Web): February 14, 2019, https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.cgd.8b01908 Vazquez, P.; Thomachot-Schneider, C.; Mouhoubi, K.; Bodnar, J-L.; Avdelidis, N. P.; Charles, D.; Benavente, D. Sodium sulfate crystallisation monitoring using IR Thermography (2018): Infrared Physics & Technology Volume 89, March 2018, Pages 231-241, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infrared.2018.01.011, http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/12944 Sousa, Luis; Siegesmund, Siegfriedand Wedekind, Wanja (2018): Salt weathering in granitoids: an overview on the controlling factors. Environmental Earth Sciences, 77 (13), 502, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-018-7669-y Lubelli, Barbara and Cnudde, Veerle and Diaz-Goncalves, Teresa and Franzoni, Elisa and van Hees, Rob P. J. and Ioannou, Ioannis and Menendez, Beatriz and Nunes, Cristiana and Siedel, Heiner and Stefanidou, Maria and Verges-Belmin, Veronique and Viles, Heather (2018): Towards a more effective and reliable salt crystallization test for porous building materials: state of the art. Materials and Structures, 51 (2), 55, https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-018-1180-5 Yazan Abu Alhassan: The use of sodium ferrocyanide for the removal of salt from stone, exemplified for sandstones from Petra - Jordan,Dissertation, RWTH Aachen University, 2018 Proceedings of SWBSS 2017: Fourth International Conference on Salt Weathering of Buildings and Stone Sculptures. University of Applied Sciences, Potsdam, Germany, 20-22 September 2017, edited by Steffen Laue J. Flatt, Nevin Aly Mohameda,b, Francesco Carusoc, Hannelore Derluynd, Julie Desarnaude, Barbara Lubellif, Rosa Maria Espinosa‐Marzalg, Leo Pelh, Carlos Rodriguez‐Navarroi, George W. Schererj, Noushine Shahidzadehk, Michael Steiger: Predicting salt damage in practice: a theoretical insight into laboratory tests. In: RILEM Technical Letters (2017) 2: 108‐118,DOI: https://doi.org/10.21809/rilemtechlett.2017.41 Roland Lenz:Systemoptimierte Salzminderungskompressen (Material-Wirkung), in: Retrospektive und Perspektive, Methoden und Techniken in der Wandmalereirestaurierung, Werkstattgespräch des Bayerischen Landesamtes für Denkmalpflege im Literaturhaus München, 9. und 10. Mai 2106, Volk Verlag München 2017, S. 123-133. Steffen Laue (ed.): Proceedings of SWBSS 2017. Fourth International Conference on Salt Weathering of Buildings and Stone Sculptures, University of Applied Sciences Potsdam, Germany, 20-22 September 2017, Verlag der Fachhochschule Potsdam, http://dx.doi.org/10.5165/HAWK-HHG/315		Other If you are interested in writing an article or making an English version of an article already published in the German SalzWiki please contact us. 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Hochschule für angewandte Wissenschaft und Kunst Hildesheim/Holzminden/Göttingen, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Hildesheim/Holzminden/Göttingen

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